DUAL NATURE OF MATTER : ELECTRONS AND LIGHT made easy by VIDEO lectures


The idea of duality originated in a debate over the nature 
of light and matter that dates back to the 17th century
, when Christian Huygens and Isaac Newton proposed
 competing theories of light:
 light was thought either to consist of waves (Huygens) or
 of particles (Newton). Through the work of Max Planck,
 Albert Einstein, Louis de Broglie, Arthur Compton,Niels Bohr, 
and many others, current scientific theory
 holds that all particles also have a wave nature (and vice versa)

There are many experiments proving the de-Broglie hypothesis 
justified under a carefully demonstrated experiment.

notable mentions here are G.P Thomson experiment with slit
 gratings of aluminium.
deBroglie wavelength (1923)
  • λdeBroglie = h/mv
  • an integer multiple of an electron's deBroglie wavelength
    produced a steady state orbital


Davisson-Germer Experiment (1927)
  • diffraction of electrons through a crystal revealed
    the same pattern as x-rays diffracted through the crystal
  • high energy electrons have wavelengths
  • electron microscopes


Schrodinger's Wave Mechanics (1926)
  • quantum mechanical (mathematical) model
  • clouds of electrons - probabilities
Max Born (1933)
  • electron diffraction - interference pattern of electrons through
    double slits
  • statistical interpretation of many electrons not the exact
    behavior of each individual electron


non-collapsing matter
  • deBroglie wavelengths
  • fermions must obey the Pauli Exclusion Principle (1925)
Heisenburg's Uncertainty Principle (1927)
  • photons interact with one electron not all of them
  • interference of localized wave disturbances creates
     a wave packet which has appreciable amplitude in
     only a small region of space - acting like the motion of a particle

MICHIO KAKU Explains the dual nature of light:


DR Quantum explains DUAL NATURE OF MATTER WITH ANIMATION
SOURCE :

  • Wikipedia/org
  • Physicslab.org
  • Playit.pk admin 
  • special thanks, to sir Nofil Safwan for encouraging and
     inspiring me to do such work, to the lecture series initiated
     by sir to focus our attention on these concepts. 

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