CSS, PCS, ISSB and other Competitive examination preparation

Christianity describes God as love; Islam as power. How shall we decide between the two conceptions? Extracts from Allama Muhammad Iqbal’s book “Stray Reflections” source = Jworldtimes THE Inundated PAKISTAN Wednesday, September 01, 2010 The great philosopher Allama Muhammad Iqbal used to write notes on different topics in his notebook. The poet himself gave the title “Stray Reflections” to this notebook. These notes are reflections of the books which Iqbal read during 1910 to 1932 as a student and thinker. “Although we may disagree with some of his ideas, this notebook enables us to glimpse the liveliness, richness, and fertility of Iqbal’s mind,” says, Dr Iqbal, the compilor of the book. [Stray Reflections: the private notebook of Muhammad Iqbal, p. 161]. 

Sell dreams, not products. Jobs captured our imagination because he really understood his customer. source = JWT Steve Jobs' impact on your life cannot be underestimated. His innovations have likely touched nearly every aspect – computers, movies, music and mobile. As a communications coach, I learned from Jobs that a presentation can, indeed, inspire. For entrepreneurs, Jobs' greatest legacy is the set of principles that drove his success. Over the years, I've become a student of sorts of Jobs' career and life. Here's my take on the rules and values underpinning his success. Any of us can adopt them to unleash our “inner Steve Jobs,” Yahoo News reports.

source =  www.who.int Key facts Ebola virus disease (EVD), formerly known as Ebola haemorrhagic fever, is a severe, often fatal illness in humans. The virus is transmitted to people from wild animals and spreads in the human population through human-to-human transmission. The average EVD case fatality rate is around 50%. Case fatality rates have varied from 25% to 90% in past outbreaks. The first EVD outbreaks occurred in remote villages in Central Africa, near tropical rainforests, but the most recent outbreak in west Africa has involved major urban as well as rural areas.

THE two emblems of Islam the mosque and the madressah are frequently vilified, feared and even shunned by many non-Muslims. In Pakistan, some are places to avoid, rather than to seek out. People often Erst determine which sect the mosque belongs to. The increasing number of madressahs has been worrisome: many are linked to sectarian hatred and religious extremism. Before these statements are refuted for reflecting the `un-Islamic` attitude of `secularists`, it would be worth examining their validity.

WHEN tradition militates against the well-being of individuals, and runs counter to advances in scientific knowledge, it is time to let it go. Too often though, tradition has many impassioned, blinkered defenders reluctant to discard time-honoured rituals and that is when the government can play an important role by legislating on the issue. Thus on Wednesday, the Punjab government declared its intention to discuss

BAGHDAD: The Islamic State group has suffered `devastating` blows in Syria`s Kobane and on several Iraqi fronts, but analysts warn such victories in the fight against the jihadists cannot be replicated everywhere. Kurdish fighters bacl(ed by US-led air strikes this week ousted the IS from most of Kobane, after a four-month battle whose symbolic importance had far outgrown the small Syrian town`s military value.

ANYONE who did not believe in Lady Luck or the goddess Lakshmi should have witnessed the Indian tea ceremony at Hyderabad House, New Delhi, on Jan 25. There was evidence enough and more that an invisible, indefinable force had lifted Barack Obama and Narendra Modi to such lof ty eminence. Think about it. Barack Obama a downand-out first generation American who once slept roofless on a pavement in New York, whose friend was a drug-snorting Pakistani illegal alien, whose first fundraiser for a Senate seat was organised by his Pakistani friends in a Chicago restaurant (they raised $3,000).

THE federal government has been diligently trying for several weeks to convince the people that the central issue facing Pakistan is poor governance, but without offering any hope of redemption. The petrol crisis led to the government`s indictment for somnolence, its incapacity to speak with one voice and its lack of expertise in crisis management. Then came another nationwide electricity breakdown. Both episodes exposed three serious weaknesses in the executive.

DEMOCRACY Give a comprehensive appraisal of the revival of democracy after the interregnum of 1999-2002. (2002) Debate, National Interests VS Democratic Values in the context of recent political and constitutional developments in Pakistan.  (2003) The rise of religious extremism and militancy has become a major challenge to Pakistan’s internal stability and promotion of democracy. Elaborate.  (2008)

source = dawn.com  Pakistan's 'mostly unfree' economy showed improvement and has edged ahead of all its immediate neighbours in the 2015 Economic Freedom Index, published by The Wall Street Journal and The Heritage Foundation. Pakistan was ranked at 121, out of 178 countries included in the Index, with 55.6 points

source =   Published in Dawn, January 27th, 2015 In the wake of the Charlie Hebdo killings massive outpourings of Western outrage and resolve to root out terrorist violence have been on display. Whatever Western views of the cartoons themselves they will not tolerate violence on their territory against their citizens. But they do not bind themselves to the same standards. Their crimes against other societies, if acknowledged at all, are dismissed as well-meaning errors.

source =  Published in Dawn January 28th, 2015 It’s easier to fool people than to convince them that they have been fooled. — Mark Twain THE PML-N has gone to great lengths to showcase the bus rapid transit (BRT) project in Punjab. Rs30 billion was spent on the first phase in Lahore that, with a 27-kilometre long route, was completed just in time for the 2013 elections. Soon enough though, with the annual subsidy for it touching the Rs3bn mark, it has proved itself to be a white elephant.

source = dawn On January 26, President Barack Obama will be the chief guest at India's 66th Republic Day celebrations. His presence at the birthday party of the world's largest democracy, just four months after Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi's visit to the United States, is highly symbolic. The visit is also expected to ramp up bilateral cooperation on economic growth, energy and climate change as well as address important differences such as intellectual property rights

SOURCE = Dawn Saudi Arabia’s sixth king, Abdullah Bin Abdul Aziz, passed away late last week after a short illness. He was 90. The monarch’s death prompted a wave of condolences from leaders around the world. US President Barack Obama is cutting short his India trip to go to Riyadh, the British flag flew at half-mast at Westminster, and the International Monetary Fund chief Christine Lagarde stunning called him a “strong advocate for women”.

SOURCE = Dawn Fatima Jinnah was not only Mohammad Ali Jinnah’s sister, but his guardian and political companion too. After Jinnah died, she was looked upon by people as a natural successor to her brother. But, there were forces against that idea, and they ensured that her voice was suppressed through various means, even literally, as explained below.

Muslim Society in subcontinent Evolution of Muslim society  in the subcontinent from 1206-1526 A.D.  (2000, 2001,2002 ) Downfall of Muslim rule in subcontinent  in 18th century.  (1988,1995,1999,2004,2005) Role and efforts of Muslim religious leaders  for the establishment of Muslim society in the subcontinent. (2003,2007) Muslims preserving their faith ,culture & separate entity since they set their foot in the sub-continent. (1992) War of Independence 1857  and its effects.  (1993)

REVELATION When and how the revelation (Wahee) was started? Write in detail which were the first and the last Ayat. Explain also the reality of Wahee.  (2003) SHARIAH Keeping in view today's international Political System, can Sheriah be adjusted in the Islamic Societies?  (2010) What do you mean by Shariah? Elaborate the different sources of Shariah.  (2012)

Time had come to formally organize the Muslims after the success of the Simla Deputation. The Muslim leaders desired to create a permanent political forum. The Congress’s anti-Muslim activities too emphasized the need of a political platform for the Muslims from where the interests of Muslims could be projected. The Muslim leaders of Simla Deputation after their meeting with the Viceroy held consultations among themselves as to the possibility of

Background Bengal  was the biggest province with a population of 78 million. It had a vast area and was an unwieldy administrative unit. The whole province was under one Lieutenant Governor who could not look after the administrative requirements of such a vast area alone. It was not possible for the Lt. Governor to go around the province whenever there was a dire need of such tours. Consequently a major portion of the province remained neglected due to its unwieldiness. In view of its size and enormous population it was felt that

Aligarh Movement is, in fact, the name of continuous struggle of Sir Syed Ahmed Khan that he launched for the betterment of Muslims. This movement performed the educational, social, religious and literary services for the Muslims, so Sir Syed Ahmed Khan and Aligarh Movement are the two names of one and the same thing .

Nation The word “NATION” is derived from Latin route “NATUS” of “NATIO” which means “Birth” of “Born”. Therefore, Nation implies homogeneous population of the people who are organized and blood-related. Today the word NATION is used in a wider sense. A Nation is a body of people who see part at least of their identity in terms of a single communal identity with some considerable historical continuity of union, with major elements of common culture, and with a sense of geographical location at least for a good part of those who make up the nation.

Meaning of an Ideology The word “ideology” is composed of two Greek words “ideo” and “logos”. It literally means “the science or study of ideas”. The ideology of any nation reflects the ideals and aspirations of its people, and religion and cultural shape, their thinking which binds them together. An ideology in the positive sense is a system of beliefs, values, ideals, convictions, institutions, goals and a body of knowledge which a people considers true, binding and practicable.

Outline: Introduction: .  Power of media in 21st century .  Most powerful weapon of the contemporary world .  Media...backbone of tremendous social, political and cultural changes .  Freedom of expression...a basic human right .  Interrelationship between media and democracy .  Thesis statement leading to conclusion. Constitutional provisions and guarantees: .  Article 19 of the constitution of Islamic Republic of Pakistan 1973. Constituents of freedom of press: .  Freedom of thinking, speech, expression  .  Freedom from all government pressures. Functions of media: .  Education for the masses .  Awareness about world scenario and fundamental rights and duties .  Opinion formation related to social, political, economic & religious issues .  Ensures public participation in government's policies.

Outline 1-  Introduction  2-  Natural Resources and their management 3-  Richness / abundance of natural resources in Pakistan 4-  Pakistan's natural resources and their mismanagement  a)  Energy resources  i-  Nonrenewable energy resources a. Oil and Gas reserves b. Coal reserves  ii-  Renewable energy resources a. Wind and solar power b. Hydropower b)  Agricultural resources i-  Irrigation Network ii-  Fertile Land  iii-  Variety of Crops iv-  Animal Husbandry v-  Fishing c)  Mineral Ore Resources

There is a lot of talk about women’s rights in Pakistan and other Muslim countries these days. The western media is projecting a very gruesome and poor plight of the women in Muslim countries with the intention of distorting the section image of Islam. Unfortunately, this propaganda is proving quite effective and the entire west and a small section of females in our society have misinterpreted Islam as being the cause of their troubles instead of the Aryan culture that we have inherited.

Outline 1.  Introduction 2.  Disaster; definition and types 3.  Disaster management 4.  Phases of disaster management; a.  Mitigation b.  Preparedness c.  Response d.  Recovery 5.  History of disasters in Pakistan 6.  Disaster in the wake of recent floods 7.  Structure of disaster management in Pakistan 8.  Role of National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA) 9.  Abysmal state of disaster preparedness and management in Pakistan 10.  Impacts of weak disaster management i)  Food crisis ii)  Health hazards iii)  Ravaged infrastructure iv)  Unemployment and economic loss v)  Militancy and crime vi)  Political upset

Outline 1.  Introduction  2.  What is energy crisis? 3.  Share of energy resources in energy supply  a)  Non-renewable  b)  Renewable 4.  World consumption distribution  5.  World production distribution  6.  Causes of crises  a)  Surge in demand  b)  Resource nationalism – tighter supply c)  Political uncertainty  d)  Lack of diversity

Outline 1.What is poverty  2.how poors are 3.Scenario of poverty 4.Poverty in pakistan 5.Causes of poverty a. Population  b. Political influence c. Inflation d. Low saving and investment e. adverse occurance (natural disasters) f. Unproper distribution of wealth g. Corruption and domination

Outline 1.  Introduction 2.  What is global warming? 3.  Green house effect 4.  Evidences of global warming/climate change a)  Temperature, b)  Precipitation, c)  Rise in sea level. 5.  Causes of global warming-emissions  6.  Sources of emissions 7.  Who are responsible for green house emissions? 8.  Possible impacts of global warming: a)  Most affected would be marginalised communities, 

Introduction 1.  Muslim population comprising 2/3rd of world's total population. 2.  Despite enormous potential — Muslim world lags behind in all spheres of life.  3.  Thesis statement leading to conclusion.  Overview of the economic potential of the Muslim World 1.  World's largest oil reserves. 2.  Arabian Peninsula enjoys a significant strategic position in the world. 3.  Strait of Hormuz — 60% of the world's oil route.

Outline 1.  Introduction 2.  Brief history of nuclear weapons 3.  Perils of nuclear weapons 4.  Need to eliminate nuclear weapons 5.  Global zero initiative 6.  Is this goal achievable? Yes: a.  Historical support

By Dr. Quratul Ain Malik (ITG) Introduction Good governance is a prerequisite for social harmony, public order, political stability, economic prosperity and certainty about future. It delivers the fruit of progress and development evenly to all and sundry. Good governance is required at all levels of society and state.

The book Playing It My Way is the autobiography of none other than the God of Cricket, Sachin R. Tendulkar. He had achieved a lot in the world of cricket being at its top for a long period. Apart from playing, Tendulkar is a very private human who has a full dedication to his family and the country. We know a lot about his playing

When the Taliban took control of the Swat Valley in Pakistan, one girl spoke out. Malala Yousafzai refused to be silenced and fought for her right to an education. On Tuesday, October 9, 2012, when she was fifteen, she almost paid the ultimate price. She was shot in the head at point-blank range while riding the bus home from school, and few expected her to survive. 

Avul Pakir Jainulabdeen Abdul Kalam, the son of a little-educated boat-owner in Rameswaram, Tamil Nadu, had an unparalleled career as a defence scientist, culminating in the highest civilian award of India, the Bharat Ratna. As chief of the country's defence research and development programme, Kalam demonstrated the great potential for

The book is Hitler's autobiographical work with emphasis on his philosophy regarding the state and politics. The book opens up how one of the most barbarian dictators in the history of mankind thought and justified his actions. It is known to everyone that Hitler molded the

Memory is an exaggeration. A necessary one if you are the most indulged dictator on duty. When Pervez Musharraf, the absolute ruler of a country condemned by both history and geography, remembers, it is more than an argument with a hoary past. It is a project in iconography - and vanity's last battle with truth.

The book that inspired the major new motion picture Mandela: Long Walk to Freedom. Nelson Mandela is one of the great moral and political leaders of our time: an international hero whose lifelong dedication to the fight against racial oppression in South Africa won him

The Audacity of Hope is Barack Obama's call for a new kind of politics—a politics that builds upon those shared understandings that pull us together as Americans. Lucid in his vision of America's place in the world, refreshingly candid about his family life

  A Brief History of Time attempts to explain a range of subjects in cosmology, including the Big Bang, black holes and light cones, to the nonspecialist reader. Its main goal is to give an overview of the subject but, unusual for a popular science book, it also attempts to explain some complex mathematics.