How many Ism are you familiar with?

source = wikipedia and various sources

Q/ What do you know about imperialism, Capitalism, socialism,  radicalism, Zionism  fascism, communism, anarchism, pragmatism, existentialism and syndicalism ?

The ism is defined as a distinctive practice, system, or philosophy, typically a political ideology or an artistic movement. or simply it is a Doctrine of the thing it get attached to. like Confucianism, pen-Islamism, taoism etc

Imperialism

Imperialism originated from the Latin word "imperium" meaning to rule over large territories. Imperialism is "a policy of extending a country's power and influence through colonization, use of military force, or other means"  Lewis Samuel Feuer identifies two major subtypes of imperialism; 

the first is the "regressive imperialism" identified with pure conquest, unequivocal exploitation, extermination or reductions of undesired peoples, and the settlement of desired peoples into such territories. The second type identified by Feuer is "progressive imperialism" founded upon a cosmopolitan view of humanity, that promotes the spread of civilization to allegedly backward societies to elevate living standards and culture in conquered territories.

Capitalism is an economic system in which trade, industries, and the means of production are largely or entirely privately owned and operated for profit.Central characteristics of capitalism include private property, capital accumulation, wage labour and, in many models,competitive markets. In a capitalist economy, the parties to a transaction typically determine the prices at which assets, goods, and services are exchanged. 

Economists, political economists, and historians have taken different perspectives in their analysis of capitalism and recognized various forms of it in practice. These include laissez-faire capitalism, welfare capitalism, crony capitalism and state capitalism; each highlighting varying degrees of dependency on markets, public ownership, and inclusion of social policies
Capitalism was carried across the world by broader processes of globalization such asimperialism and, by the end of the nineteenth century, became the dominant global economic system, in turn intensifying processes of economic and other globalization.

Socialism is a social and economic system characterised by social ownership of the means of production and co-operative management of the economy, as well as a political theory and movement that aims at the establishment of such a system."Social ownership" may refer to cooperative enterprises, common ownership,state ownership, citizen ownership of equity, or any combination of these.

A socialist economy is based on the principle of production for use, to directly satisfy economic demand and human needs, and objects are valued by their use-value, as opposed to the principle of production for profit and accumulation of capital

The revival of republicanism in the American Revolution of 1776 and the egalitarian values introduced by the French Revolution of 1789 gave rise to socialism as a distinct political movement. In the early 19th century, "socialism" referred to any concern for the social problems of capitalism regardless of the solutions to those problems. However, by the late 19th century, "socialism" had come to signify opposition to capitalism and advocacy for an alternative post-capitalist system based on some form of social ownership.

radicalism The term "Radical" (from the Latin) during the late 18th-century identified proponents of the Radical Movement Historically, Radicalism began in the United Kingdom with political support for a "radical reform" of the electoral system to widen the franchise.

As historical Radicalism became absorbed in the development of political liberalism, in the later 19th century in both the United Kingdom and in continental Europe the term "Radical" came to denote a progressive liberal ideology.

According to Encyclopedia Britannica the first use of the word "Radical" in a political sense is generally ascribed to the English Whig parliamentarian Charles James Fox. In 1797, Fox declared for a "radical reform" of the electoral system. This led to a general use of the term to identify all supporting the movement for parliamentary reform.

1. The term “Zionism” was coined in 1890 by Nathan Birnbaum. Its general definition means the national movement for the return of the Jewish people to their homeland and the resumption of Jewish sovereignty in the Land of Israel.

Zionism  is anationalist and political movement of Jews and Jewish culture that supports the reestablishment of a Jewish homeland in the territory defined as the historic Land of Israel. 

soon after this most leaders of the movement associated the main goal with creating the desired state in Palestine, then an area controlled by the Ottoman Empire.

Since the establishment of the State of Israel, the Zionist movement continues primarily to advocate on behalf of Israel and address threats to its continued existence and security. In a less common usage, the term may also refer to non-political, cultural Zionism, founded and represented most prominently by Ahad Ha'am; and political support for the State of Israel by non-Jews, as in Christian Zionism.

Fascism  is a form of radical authoritarian nationalism that came to prominence in early 20th-century Europe. Influenced by national syndicalism, fascism originated in Italy during World War I.

One common definition of fascism focuses on three concepts: the fascist negations of anti-liberalism, anti-communism and anti-conservatism; nationalist authoritarian goals of creating a regulated economic structure to transform social relations within a modern, self-determined culture; and a political aesthetic of romantic symbolism, mass mobilization, a positive view of violence, and promotion of masculinity, youth and charismatic leadership.

Roger Griffin describes fascism as "a genus of political ideology whose mythic core in its various permutations is a palingenetic form of populist ultranationalism

Griffin describes the ideology as having three core components: "(i) the rebirth myth, (ii) populist ultra-nationalism and (iii) the myth of decadence"

Communism (from Latin communis – common, universal) is a socioeconomic system structured upon the common ownership of the means of production and characterized by the absence of social classes, money,and the state; as well as a social, political and economic ideology and movement that aims to establish this social order.

Communism is represented by a variety of schools of thought, which broadly include Marxism, anarchism and the political ideologies grouped around both.

Because of historical peculiarities, communism is commonly erroneously equated to Marxism-Leninism in mainstream usage. The term 'Marxism-Leninism' refers to an ideology developed by Joseph Stalin which controversially claims adherence to Marxism and Leninism, yet is not accepted as a genuine development of Marxism by other kinds of Marxists

Anarchism is a political philosophy that advocates stateless societies often defined as self-governed voluntary institutions, but that several authors have defined as more specific institutions based on non-hierarchical free associations. Anarchism holds the state to be undesirable, unnecessary, or harmful.

Zhuangzi's philosophy has been described by various sources as anarchist Zhuangzi's philosophy has been described by various sources as anarchist Jesus is sometimes considered the first anarchist in the Christian anarchist tradition. Georges Lechartier wrote that "The true founder of anarchy was Jesus Christ and ... the first anarchist society was that of the apostles."

Pragmatism is a philosophical tradition that began in the United States around 1870.Pragmatism is a rejection of the idea that the function of thought is to describe, represent, or mirror reality. Instead, pragmatists consider thought to be a product of the interaction between organism and environment.

Pragmatists contend that most philosophical topics—such as the nature of knowledge, language, concepts, meaning, belief, and science—are all best viewed in terms of their practical uses and successes.

Charles Sanders Peirce (and his pragmatic maxim) deserves much of the credit for pragmatism.

Pragmatism as a philosophical movement began in the United States in the 1870s. Its direction was determined by The Metaphysical Club members Charles Sanders Peirce, William James, and Chauncey Wright, as well as John Dewey and George Herbert Mead.

The first use in print of the name pragmatism was in 1898 by James, who credited Peirce with coining the term during the early 1870s

Existentialism  is a term applied to the work of certain late 19th- and 20th-century philosophers who, despite profound doctrinal differences, shared the belief that philosophical thinking begins with the human subject—not merely the thinking subject, but the acting, feeling, living human individual. In existentialism, the individual's starting point is characterized by what has been called "the existential attitude", or a sense of disorientation and confusion in the face of an apparently meaningless or absurd world. Many existentialists have also regarded traditional systematic or academic philosophies, in both style and content, as too abstract and remote from concrete human experience

Søren Kierkegaard is generally considered to have been the first existentialist philosopher, though he did not use the term existentialism

Existentialism became popular in the years following World War II, and strongly influenced many disciplines besides philosophy, including theology, drama, art, literature, and psychology.

There has never been general agreement on the definition of existentialism. The term is often seen as a historical convenience as it was first applied to many philosophers in hindsight, long after they had died. In fact, while existentialism is generally considered to have originated with Kierkegaard, the first prominent existentialist philosopher to adopt the term as a self-description was Jean-Paul Sartre

Syndicalism is a type of proposed economic system, a form of socialism, considered a replacement for capitalism. It suggests that industries be organised into confederations orsyndicates. It is "a system of economic organization in which industries are owned and managed by the workers."Its theory and practice is the advocation of multiple cooperative productive units composed of specialists and representatives of workers in each respective field to negotiate and manage the economy. Syndicalism also refers to the political movement (praxis) and tactics used to bring about this type of system.

Syndicalism is one of the three most common currents of socialist economics, together with market socialism and socialist planned economies. 

It holds, on an ethical basis, that all participants in an organised trade internally share ownership of its production. Socialism, in contrast, concerns solely the methods of distribution among trades as is centrally required of each trade; it does not necessarily consider how trades organise internally. Communism (the theory) rejects government-sanctioned private ownership of the means of production in favour of ownership by the social class who actually produce such property, i.e., the workers orproletariat.