50 Consolidated Every Day Science MCQ's with Explaination For the post of AD Intelligence Bureau (IB), ASI (IB) and other Posts

Q.1. Select the best option/answer and fill in the appropriate Box on the Answer Sheet: (50) 
(1)  Persons with following blood group are considered to be universal recipient. 
(a) A+ (b) B+ (c) AB+ (d) O+ (e) None of these 

Detail: also known as AB Rd positive blood group They are called universal recipients because they can receive a blood transfusion from a person with any blood type, not just their own blood type. To put it another way, the immune system of a person with AB blood will accept blood from all possible donors, whether they have O, A, B or AB blood. The AB blood type means that the both of antigens for A and B blood are both present. O Rh D negative blood are often called universal donors ( O negative).

(2)  Study of life in outer space is known as: 
(a) Endobiology (b) Exobiology (c) Enterobiology (d) Neobiology (e) Micro biology 

Detail : the branch of science that deals with the possibility and likely nature of life on other planets or in space.

(3)  The name of the common mineral salt present in sweat is: 
(a) Calcium Oxalate (b) Potassium Sulphate (c) Sodium Chloride (d) Iron Sulphide 
(e) None of these 


Detail : A sweat test measures the amount of salt chemicals (sodium and chloride) in sweat. It is done to help diagnose cystic fibrosis. Normally, sweat on the skin surface contains very little sodium and chloride

(4)  Sensitive layer of the eye is: 
(a) Choroids (b) Sclerotic (c) Retina (d) Cornea (e) None of these 

Detail : The Retina. The retina is a light-sensitive layer at the back of the eye that covers about 65 percent of its interior surface. Photosensitive cells called rods and cones in the retina convert incident light energy into signals that are carried to the brain by the optic nerve.

(5)  Laughing gas has chemical composition of following two elements: 
(a) Nitrogen + Hydrogen (b) Nitrogen + Carbon (c) Nitrogen + Oxygen 
(d) Oxygen + Carbon (e) None of these 

Detail : Nitrous oxide, commonly known as laughing gas, nitrous, nitro, or NOS is a chemical compound with the formula N 2O. It is an oxide of nitrogen. At room
temperature, it is a colorless, non-flammable gas, with a slightly sweet odor and taste.

(6)  Dr. Abdus Salam of Pakistan was one of the contributors to the unification of: 
(a) Electroweak force and strong Nuclear force  (b) Electromagnetic force and weak nuclear force 
(c) Gravitational force and weak nuclear force (d) Weak nuclear force and strong nuclear force 
(e) None of these 

Detail:unification of electro-weak with strong nuclear forces, grand unification theory. for this he received his Nobel Prize in 1979. He was the first Pakistani and first Muslim to receive a Nobel Prize in science and the second from an Islamic country to receive any Nobel Prize (after Anwar Sadat of Egypt).

(7)  Which triplet in DNA codes for valine: 
(a) CTT (b) AGU (c) CAT (d) AAT (e) None of these 

Notes: For valine, there are 4 codons: GTT, GTC, GTA and GTG. Since the third base can be any of the 4 nucleotides, it can also be represented as GTN. N is the convention used to signify any of the 4 nucleotides. Valine encoded by the codons GUU, GUC, GUA, and GUG is an α-amino acid that is used in the biosynthesis of proteins.

(8)  What is the chance of a diabetic baby born to parents both heterozygous normal? 
(a) Zero (b) 1/4 (c) 1/2 (d) 3/4 (e) None of these 

A person with one abnormal gene is called heterozygous for that gene. If a child receives an abnormal recessive disease gene from both parents, the child will show the disease and will be homozygous (or compound heterozygous) for that gene.

(9)  Which of the following is not a part of Darwinism: 
(a) Over production (b) Natural selection (c) Inheritance for acquired characters 
(d) Competition for survival (e) None of these 

Detail: 5 points of Darwin theory
over production 
struggle for existence 
variations and heredity 
natural selection and survival of fittestorigin of species
Special thanks to Mr. Samad for rectifying the mistake by commenting below.

the theory of the evolution of species by natural selection advanced by Charles Darwin.Darwinism is a theory of biological evolution developed by the English naturalist Charles Darwin (1809-1882) and others, stating that all species of organisms arise and develop through the natural selection of small, inherited variations that increase the individual's ability to compete, survive, and reproduce. Also called Darwinian theory. 

(10)  Role of biotechnology in the production of food is based on: 
(a) Decomposition (b) Respiration (c) Digestion (d) Fermentation (e) None of these

Note:  Fermentation is a metabolic process that converts sugar to acids, gases, or alcohol. It occurs in yeast and bacteria, and also in oxygen-starved muscle cells, as in the case of lactic acid fermentation.

(11)  Which form of drug abuse involves most risk of infection with the HIV (AIDS) virus: 
(a) Cigarette smoking (b) Using alcohol (c) Injection of heroine 
(d) Taking too much aspirin (e) None of these 

Note: as the injection used by many are already used and when they are reused the blood of the previous subject enters the blood of the new subject causing them to have more chances of HIV (AIDS). as there is the possibility that the previous subject may have HIV.

(12)  Founder of modern astronomy was: 
(a) Archimedes (b) William Gilbert (c) Nicolas Copernicus 
(d) Michel Faraday (e) None of these 

Detail: Copernicus: Founder of Modern Astronomy. The scientific vision of the solar system that we have today was made popular by Galileo Galilei—who was famously punished for his adherence to such an “outrageous idea”—and made mainstream by Isaac Newton and many others after him.

(13)  The instrument which measures very high temperature is: 
(a) Manometer (b) Thermostat (c) Chronometer (d) Pyrometer (e) None of these

Detail: A pyrometer is a type of remote-sensing thermometer used to measure the temperature of a surface. Various forms of pyrometers have historically existed. In the modern usage, it is a device that from a distance determines the temperature of a surface from the spectrum of thethermal radiation it emits, a process known as pyrometry and sometimes radiometry.

(14)  The science which deals with study of manners and customs of peoples is: 
(a) Ethnology (b) Morphology (c) Ethics (d) Genetics (e) None of these 

Detail:the study of the characteristics of different peoples and the differences and relationships between them is called Ethnology while  In linguistics, morphology (/mɔːrˈfɒlədʒi/) is the study of words, how they are formed, and their relationship to other words in the same language. It analyzes the structure of words and parts of words, such as stems, root words, prefixes, and suffixes.

(15)  Chemicals used to kill rats and mice are: 
(a) Insecticides (b) Rodenticides (c) Fungicides (d) Herbicides (e) None of these 

Detail: a poison used to kill rodents ( classification of Mouses)

(16)  Dry ice is: 
(a) Methane hydrate (b) Liquid Nitrogen (c) Solid Carbondioxide 
(d) Frozen water (e) None of these 

Detail: Dry ice, sometimes referred to as "cardice" (chiefly by British chemists), is the solid form of carbon dioxide. It is used primarily as a cooling agent. Its advantages include lower temperature than that of water ice and not leaving any residue (other than incidental frost from moisture in the atmosphere).

(17)  Chemical name of vinegar is: 
(a) Sodium Nitrate (b) Dilute acetic acid (c) Chloride of lime 
(d) Calcium (e) None of these 

Detail : Acetic acid /əˈsiːtᵻk/, systematically named ethanoic acid /ˌɛθəˈnoʊᵻk/, is a colourless liquid organic compound with the chemical formula CH₃COOH. When undiluted, it is sometimes called glacial acetic acid.

(18)  Deficiency of following vitamin decreases hemoglobin production: 
(a) Biotin (b) Thiamine (c) Niacin (d) Pyridoxine (e) None of these 

Detail: Anemia, also spelled anaemia, is usually defined as a decrease in the number of red blood cells (RBCs) or hemoglobin in the blood. It can also be defined as a lowered ability of the blood to carry oxygen. When anemia comes on slowly, the symptoms are often vague and may include: feeling tired, weakness, shortness of breath or a poor ability to exercise. 

(19)  Hygrometer is used for measuring the: 
(a) Speed of sound (b) Density of milk (c) Humidity of air 
(d) Specific gravity of liquids (e) None of these 

Detail: A hygrometer /haɪˈɡrɒmᵻtər/ is an instrument used for measuring the moisture content in the atmosphere. Humidity measurement instruments usually rely on measurements of some other quantity such as temperature, pressure, mass or a mechanical or electrical change in a substance as moisture is absorbed.

(20)  Bronze is an alloy of: 
(a) Copper and Zinc (b) Tin and Zinc (c) Copper and Tin 
(d) Iron and Zinc (e) None of these 

Detail: Bronze is an alloy consisting primarily of copper, commonly with about 12% tin and often with the addition of other metals (such as aluminium, manganese, nickel or zinc) and sometimes non-metals or metalloids such as arsenic, phosphorus or silicon.

(21)  Which of the following is most elastic? 
(a) Steel (b) Rubber (c) Glass (d) Sponge (e) None of these 

 Detail: Steel. Elasticity is measured as ratio of stress to strain. For a given stress (stretching force per unit area) strain is much smaller in steel than in rubber and hence the answer.

(22)  Orbital period of the planet Mercury around the sun is: 
(a) 88 days (b) 365 days (c) 2 years (d) 98 days (e) None of these 

Detail: It takes Mercury about 59 Earth days to spin once on its axis (the rotation period), and about 88 Earth days to complete one orbit about the Sun

(23)  The most splendid and the most magnificent constellation in the sky is: 
(a) Orion (b) Columba (c) Canis Major (d) Taurus (e) None of these 

Detail: Orion is a prominent constellation located on the celestial equator and visible throughout the world. It is one of the most conspicuous and recognizable constellations in the night sky. It was named after Orion, a hunter in Greek mythology. Its brightest stars are Rigel(Beta Orionis) and Betelgeuse (Alpha Orionis), a blue-white and a red supergiant, respectively

(24)  “Black holes” refer to: 
(a) Holes occurring in heavenly bodies (b) Bright spots on the sun 
(c) Collapsing objects of high density  (d) Collapsing objects of low density 
(e) None of these 

Detail: a region of space having a gravitational field so intense that no matter or radiation can escape not even light rays. as the fabric of space and time is stretched to its maximum there is nothing that can escape the great gravity. according to some there is a super massive black hole at the center of each galaxy.

(25)  Eugenics is the study of: 
(a) Altering human beings by changing their genetic components 
(b) People of European origin (c) Different races of mankind 
(d) Genetics of plants (e) Eunuchs 

Detail: Eugenics (/juːˈdʒɛnɪks/; from Greek εὐγενής eugenes "well-born" from εὖ eu, "good, well" and γένος genos, "race, stock, kin") is a set of beliefs and practices that aims at improving the genetic quality of the human population. and also when refered to Eugenic movement in history, It is a social philosophy advocating the improvement of human genetic traits through the promotion of higher rates of sexual reproduction for people with desired traits (positive eugenics), or reduced rates of sexual reproduction and sterilization of people with less-desired or undesired traits (negative eugenics)

(26)  The position of earth in its orbit, when it is at its greatest distance from the sun causing northern summer is called: 
(a) Aphelion (b) Perihelion (c) Perigee (d) Apogee (e) None of these 

Detail: The perihelion is the point in the orbit of a planet, minor planet, or comet, where it is nearest to its point of orbit, generally a star. It is the opposite of aphelion, which is the point in the orbit where the celestial body is farthest from its point of orbit.

(27)  Diamond is a very expensive ornament. It is composed of a single element. 
(a) Carbon (b) Gold (c) Silver (d) Platinum (e) None of these 

Detail: Diamonds are made out of carbon — highly organized carbon, that is. Geologists are still guessing how diamonds formed in the Earth from 1 billion to 3 billion years ago, according to a recent study in the journal Nature, but they think the recipe follows something like this: 1. Bury carbon dioxide 100 miles into Earth.

(28)  Which of the following layers makes radio transmission possible? 
(a) Troposphere (b) Ionosphere (c) Mesosphere (d) Stratosphere (e) None of these 

Detail: The ionosphere is the area that enables signals on the short wave bands to traverse major distances. It crosses over the meteorological boundaries and extends from altitudes around 60 km to 700 km. The region gains its name because the air in this region becomes ionized by radiation primarily from the sun. Free electrons in this region have affect radio signals and may be able to refract them back to Earth dependent upon a variety of factors.

(29)  Which of the following explains the reason why there is no total eclipse of the sun? 
(a) Size of the earth in relation to that of moon (b) Orbit of moon around earth 
(c) Direction of rotation of earth around sun (d) Area of the sun covered by the moon 
(e) None of these 

Detail: Total solar eclipses occur when the Moon comes between the Sun and the Earth and casts the darkest part of its shadow (the umbra) on Earth. The darkest point of the eclipse is almost as dark as night.Almost the entire disc of the Sun is covered by the Moon. Observers in the path of the Moon's umbra may be able to see Baily's beads and the diamond ring effect. this happens due to a fact that the sun and moon appear of the same size. moon is 40x times smaller than sun but is 40x times far from sun. making it appear of the same size.

(30)  Television signals are converted into light signals by: 
(a) Optical fibre (b) Transistor (c) Decoder (d) Photo diode (e) None of these 

Detail: photodiode in your TV that senses these pulses or flashes of infrared light by converting the light into voltage or current (another photodiode you’re probably more familiar with is the solar cell that converts sunlight into energy to power your solar garden lights) A photodiode and a light emitting diode are similar except that a photodiode is manufactured to more efficiently focus the incoming light on to the photosensitive area of the device. 

(31)  Where do most of Asteroids lie? 
(a) In asteroid belt between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter. 
(b) In asteroid belt between the orbits of Mars and Venus. 
(c) In asteroid belt between the orbits of Jupiter and Venus. 
(d) Everywhere in the sky. (e) None of the these 

Detail: The asteroid belt is the circumstellar disc in the Solar System located roughly between the orbits of the planets Mars and Jupiter. It is occupied by numerous irregularly shaped bodies called asteroids or minor planets. Asteroids are small, rocky solar system bodies that populate interplanetary space out to the orbit of... CeresFacts Ceres is the closest dwarf planet to the Sun and is located in the asteroid belt, between Mars and Jupiter, making it the only dwarf...

(32)  The number of spark plugs needed in a diesel engine is: 
(a) 2 (b) 3 (c) 0 (d) 4 (e) None of these 

Detail: The diesel internal combustion engine differs from the gasoline powered Otto cycle by using highly compressed hot air to ignite the fuel rather than using a spark plug(compression ignition rather than spark ignition). In the truediesel engine, only air is initially introduced into the combustion chamber.

(33)  The half life of a radioactive element is 8-days. How long will it take to reduce it from 10mg to 5mg? 
(a) 4 days (b) 12 days (c) 16 days (d) 8 days (e) None of these 

Detail: The half life of the radioactive element is already mentioned. it will take exactly the same time to reduce from 10mg to 5 mg.

(34)  The term ‘Blue Shift’ is used to indicate. 
(a) Doppler effect in which an object appears bluer when it is moving towards the observer or 
observer is moving towards the object. 
(b) Turning a star from white to blue. (c) In future sun would become blue. 
(d) Black hole was blue at its start. (e) None of these 

Detail: A blueshift is any decrease in wavelength, with a corresponding increase in frequency, of an electromagnetic wave; the opposite effect is referred to as redshift. In visible light, this shifts the color from the red end of the spectrum to the blue end.in short the conditions mentioned in MCQ. this principle is used in astronomy and cosmologist use it to predict the expansion and contraction and even size and energy of the stars and other objects.

(35)  Kilowatt-hour is a unit of: 
(a) Power (b) Electric current (c) Energy (d) Time (e) None of these 

Detail: The kilowatt-hour is a unit of energy equivalent to one kilowatt (1 kW) of power sustained for one hour. One watt-second is equal to 1 J. One kilowatt-hour is 3.6 mega joules, which is the amount of energy converted if work is done at an average rate of one thousand watts for one hour. it is basic unit used to measure our house consumption of electricity.

(36)  Fuel used in Fast Breeder Reactor is: 
(a) Uranium Oxide (b) Uranium Plutonium carbide (c) Uranium Plutonium Oxide 
(d) Uranium thorium Oxide (e) None of these 

Detail: Although these fast neutrons are not as good at causing fission, they are readily captured by an isotope of uranium (U₂₃₈), which then becomes plutonium (Pu₂₃₉). This plutonium isotope can be reprocessed and used as more reactor fuel or in the production of nuclear weapons.

(37)  Monsoon is caused by: 
(a) Seasonal reversal of winds. (b) Revolution of earth. (c) Movement of the clouds. 
(d) Rise in temperature. (e) Rain forests 

Detail: A monsoon is caused when a low-pressure area built up over a hot landmass reacts with a high-pressure zone over a cool ocean breeze, sending moisture-laden wind toward the low-pressure zone. Once over the landmass, the ocean air rises and forms rain clouds. Dense cloud formation and heavy rains are especially likely to occur if there are higher elevations like with inland mountains. the main factor here is seasonal reversal of winds. 

(38)  Which of the following atmospheric layers helps in radio communication? 
(a) Exosphere (b) Ionosphere (c) Troposphere (d) Stratosphere (e) Ozone layer 

Detail: The ionosphere is the area that enables signals on the short wave bands to traverse major distances. It crosses over the meteorological boundaries and extends from altitudes around 60 km to 700 km. The region gains its name because the air in this region becomes ionized by radiation primarily from the sun. Free electrons in this region have affect radio signals and may be able to refract them back to Earth dependent upon a variety of factors.

(39)  A moderator is used in nuclear reactor in order to: 
(a) Accelerate the neutrons (b) Slow down the speed of the neutrons 
(c) Increase the number of electrons (d) Decrease the number of electrons 
(e) None of these 

Detail: In nuclear engineering, a neutron moderator is a medium that reduces the speed of fast neutrons, thereby turning them into thermal neutrons capable of sustaining a nuclear chain reaction involving uranium-235 or a similar fissile nuclide.

(40)  Sedimentary rocks are: 
(a) Porous (b) Hard (c) Rough (d) Brittle (e) Volcanic 

Detail: Sedimentary rocks are types of rock that are formed by the deposition and subsequent cementation of that material at the Earth's surface and within bodies of water. Sedimentation is the collective name for processes that cause mineral and/or organic particles (detritus) to settle in place. porous Something that allows water to pass through it. pressure Force exerted over an area. The greater the pressure, the greater the force exerted over the same area.sedimentary Rocks that are formed through the deposition of sediments, eg limestone and sandstone.

(41)  Which one of the following is a non-metallic mineral? 
(a) Manganese (b) Magnesium (c) Gypsum (d) Bauxite (e) None of these

Detail: a soft white or grey mineral consisting of hydrated calcium sulphate. It occurs chiefly in sedimentary deposits and is used to make plaster of Paris and fertilizers, and in the building industry.
 
(42)  Ozone layer prevents the following radiation from entering the atmosphere: 
(a) Infra-red (b) Ultraviolet (c) X-rays (d) Gamma rays (e) None of these 

Detail: The ozone layer or ozone shield is a region of Earth's stratosphere that absorbs most of the Sun's ultraviolet (UV) radiation. It contains high concentrations ofozone (O₃) in relation to other parts of the atmosphere, although still small in relation to other gases in the stratosphere.

(43)  The phenomenon of Aurora Borealis, the display of red and green lights in northern hemisphere is 
due to radiations from: 
(a) Ionosphere (b) Troposphere (c) Mesosphere (d) Stratosphere (e) None of these

Detail: The Aurora Borealis (Northern Lights) and AuroraAustralis (Southern Lights) are the result of electrons colliding with the upper reaches of Earth's atmosphere in the layer of ionosphere where the photons from the sun collide with excited ionized particles in ionosphere. (Protons cause faint and diffuse aurora, usually not easily visible to the human eye.)  The aurora borealis (northern lights) form when charged particles emitted from the sun during a solar flare penetrate the earth's magnetic shield and collide with atoms and molecules in our atmosphere. These collisions result in countless little bursts of light, called photons, which make up the aurora.

(44)  Yeast is used in making bread because it produces: 
(a) Carbon dioxide (b) Sugar (c) Bacteria (d) Oxygen (e) None of these 

Detail: Yeasts feed on sugars and starches, which are abundant in bread dough! They turn this food into energy and release carbon dioxide gas as a result. This process is known as fermentation. The carbon dioxide gas made during fermentation is what makes a slice of bread so soft and spongy.

(45)  Oasis is associated with: 
(a) Glaciers (b) Desert (c) Islands (d) Volcanoes (e) Fertile land 

Detail: a fertile spot in a desert, where water is found. often caused by illusions causing mirages.  

(46)  Quartz crystal in quartz watches works on the principle called: 
(a) Photoelectric effect (b) Stark effect (c) Thermionic effect 
(d) Piezo-electric effect (e) None of these 

Detail: Piezoelectric Effect is the ability of certain materials to generate an electric charge in response to applied mechanical stress. The word Piezoelectric is derived from the Greek piezein, which means to squeeze or press, and piezo, which is Greek for “push”. and the quartz crystal in quartz watches is just another application of Piezoelectric effect.

(47)  The Fruits without seed, like banana, are called: 
(a) seedless fruits (b) parthenogenesis fruits (c) parthenocarpic fruits (d) placental fruits 
(e) Organic fruits 

Detail: In botany and horticulture, parthenocarpy (literally meaning virgin fruit) is the natural or artificially induced production of fruit without fertilization of ovules. The fruit is therefore seedless. Stenospermocarpy may also produce apparently seedless fruit, but the seeds are actually aborted while still small.

(48)  Animal which captures and readily kills living animals for its food is called: 
(a) Parasite (b) Scavenger (c) Predator (d) Mammal (e) None of these 

Detail: an animal that naturally preys on others.

(49)  In a railway track, two rails are joined end to end with a gap in between them because: 
(a) Steel can be saved. 
(b) Accidents due to contraction in winter can be avoided. 
(c) Air gaps are necessary for bearing the weight of running train. 
(d) Accidents due to expansion in summer can be avoided. 
(e) All of these 

Detail: So that there is enough margin for the tracks to expand and contract due to the temperature changes. If that gap is not left then the tracks might have enormous stress in them while expanding due to heat. ... When a substance is heated, the kinetic energy of its molecules increases.

(50)  Name the famous book of Ibn-Sina in which he discussed human physiology and medicine: 
(a) Al-Qanoon (b) Al-Masudi (c) New Renaissance (d) Tadhkira (e) None of these 

Detail: The Canon of Medicine is an encyclopedia of medicine in five books compiled by Persian philosopher Avicenna and completed in 1025.

Ibn Sina’s Al-Qanun fi al-tibb (The canon of medicine). The Canon of Medicine remained a medical authority for centuries. It set the standards for medicine in Medieval Europe and the Islamic world and was used as a standard medical textbook through the 18th century in Europe. It is still used in Unani medicine, a form of traditional medicine practiced in India

Sources: 

• past papers of FPSC and there pattern assessed.
• explained through various instruments and various sources.
• All answers are checked and corrected and are important as explained in each MCQ the reason of what happens and how. may help candidate hover more understanding both practically and astutely.