CSS, PCS, ISSB and other Competitive examination preparation

                     Liquefied natural gas  ( LNG ) is  natural gas  (predominantly  methane , CH 4 ) that has been converted to liquid form for ease of storage or transport. It takes up about 1/600th the volume of natural gas in the gaseous state. It is  odorless , colorless ,  non-toxic  and  non-corrosive . Hazards include flammability after vaporization into a gaseous state, freezing and  asphyxia . The  liquefaction  process involves removal of certain components, such as dust,  acid gases ,  helium , water, and heavy  hydrocarbons , which could cause difficulty downstream. The natural gas is then  condensed  into a liquid at close to atmospheric pressure by cooling it to approximately −162 °C (−260 °F); maximum transport pressure is set at around 25 kPa (4 psi). What is LNG? Turning natural gas into liquid. ...

Something that as recently as a decade ago was almost never discussed in polite company—the prospect for a prolonged geopolitical struggle between the United States and China (Cold War 2.0)—is now Topic A in the foreign policy salons of both Washington and Beijing. In the United States, the centrist Council on Foreign Relations issued a lengthy report calling for the U.S. to “revise” its “grand strategy” toward China. In Beijing, Liu Mingfu, a colonel in the People’s Liberation Army and one of its most influential strategists, wrote in his recent book,  The China Dream , “In the 21st century China and the United States will square off and fight to become the champion among nations.’’ The current tension in the South China Sea, where Beijing is building artificial islands in the Spratlys, a contested chain claimed by six countries, certainly sounds like a Cold War in the making. The U.S. Defense Department let it be known in mid-May that it was considering sending surveillan...

Why is Venus hotter than Mercury if Mercury is closer to the sun? This is a great question! The answer to it lies in the fact that Venus has a very dense atmosphere made up of carbon dioxide, nitrogen, and sulfuric acid, while Mercury has a very thin atmosphere with various gases, but very little carbon dioxide. So what's so important about carbon dioxide? Well, sunlight will pass through Venus' clouds (which contain mostly carbon dioxide) and warm the surface of the planet. Usually, the surface of a planet is warmed during the day and cools off at night by releasing infrared radiation (heat) back into space. But the carbon dioxide in Venus' clouds absorbs energy from infrared radiation very well and "traps" the heat on the planet, making it very warm. This has sometimes been called a "runaway greenhouse effect." We don't see this happen on Mercury because its atmosphere is not thick and does not have much carbon dioxide in it. I hope ...

Benefits of Inverter Air Conditioning Inverter air conditioning  is more expensive than non inverter air conditioning but with the current spiralling energy costs, is it worth the extra ££s? Let's see what are the benefits of an inverter air conditioning compared with a non inverter air conditioning:- At least 30% - 50% cheaper to run as it consumes less power Far quicker to achieve desired temperature The start up time is reduced by 30% Much quieter No temperature fluctuations, maximising comfort level No voltage peaks from compressor All EcoAir inverter air conditioning are heat pumps which in itself is one of the most energy efficient form of heating Is it worth paying more for an inverter air conditioning?  So, in summary an inverter air conditioning can reduce your energy bill.  It will be worth paying more for an inverter air conditioning if you use your air conditioning for:- all year round used for heat...

Q: Review briefly the great change brought about by the Holy Prophet Muhammad (S A W) in Pre Islamic Arab society with the new values taught by him? (1981) Q: Write down the Salient features of the Religious, Social, and Political conditions of the Arabs, when the Prophet Muhammad PBUH proclaimed his prophet hood. (1986) Q: Throw light on the place of woman in the Jahiliyah period and her exalted position in the City State Madinah? (1989) Q: who was Abraha and with what expedition is he associated and what was its result? Q: Describe the Socio-religious conditions of Arabia at the Advent of the Holy prophet  (PBUH)? Ans: Historical back ground:  The Arabs were the descendants of the Semitic people. It is said that in ancient time there was a place named “Araba” adjacent to the province of Tayama in Hijaz. In course of time the word “Arab” is derived from that “Araba” but according to other Arab it originated from the word of “Yarab” who was the Son o...

    Free Speech is a constitutional right of a citizen of a country under or as cited by her constitution, Basically, the idea behind free speech was to give people power and freedom to express their ideas, views, notions, opinions and convictions. Free speech if not utilized properly gives adverse and hostile effects as seen in Charlie Hebdo issue or Salman Rushidee Satanic Verses blunder. as said potter Stewart, " Ethics is knowing difference between What you have a right to do and what is right to do"           Article 19 of constitution of Pakistan 1973 defines Free Speech as,   " Every citizen shall have right to freedom of speech and expression, and there shall be freedom of press, subject to any reasonable restrictions imposed by law in the interest of glory of Islam or integrity, security or defense of Pakistan or any part thereof, friendly relation with foreign states, public order, decency or mortality, or in relati...

Jinnah  is a  1998   epic   biographical film  which follows the life of the founder of  Pakistan ,  Muhammad Ali Jinnah . It was directed by  Jamil Dehlavi ; and written by  Akbar S. Ahmed  and  Jamil Dehlavi . The film was released in  1998  in the  United Kingdom  and  Pakistan . The film opens with the words of Professor Stanley Wolpert: “ Few individuals significantly alter the course of history. Fewer still modify the map of the world. Hardly anyone can be credited with creating a nation-state. Mohammad Ali Jinnah did all three. ”